Appendix C. Ratings of Knowledge Areas

Table C.1. 77 Knowledge Areas as Rated by NLLs and Non-NLLs, Rank-Ordered by Mean Importance by Both Groups Combined (Importance scale: 1=low; 2=moderate; 3=high)

ID	Knowledge Area	Mean Importance NLL	Mean Importance Non-NLL	Mean Importance Both	% Moderate or High NLL	% Moderate or High Non-NLL
1	Rules of Professional Responsibility and Ethical Obligations	2.6	2.8	2.7	89%	94%
2	Civil Procedure	2.6	2.6	2.6	87%	91%
3	Contract Law	2.6	2.6	2.6	89%	92%
4	Rules of Evidence	2.5	2.5	2.5	82%	86%
5	Legal Research Methodology	2.5	2.5	2.5	78%	84%
6	Statutes of Limitations	2.3	2.3	2.3	76%	78%
7	Local Court Rules	2.4	2.3	2.3	74%	73%
8	Statutory Interpretation Principles	2.2	2.3	2.3	71%	78%
9	Sources of Law (Decisional, Statutory, Code, Regulatory, Rules)	2.2	2.2	2.2	67%	69%
10	Tort Law	2.2	2.2	2.2	70%	74%
11	Business Organizations Law	2.2	2.1	2.1	73%	76%
12	Trial Advocacy	2.1	2.1	2.1	66%	71%
13	Constitutional Law	2.2	2.1	2.1	67%	68%
14	Corporate Law	2	2.1	2.1	63%	70%
15	Criminal Law	2.2	2	2.1	71%	64%
16	Criminal Procedure	2.2	2	2	66%	61%
17	Real Property Law	2	2	2	63%	67%
18	Alternative Dispute Resolution	2	2	2	67%	70%
19	Choice of Law and Conflicts of Law	2.1	2	2	69%	69%
20	Commercial Litigation Law	1.8	1.9	1.9	52%	63%
21	Family Law	1.9	1.8	1.9	56%	55%
22	Employment Law	1.8	1.8	1.8	55%	62%
23	Remedies Law	1.9	1.8	1.8	50%	50%
24	Uniform Commercial Code	1.8	1.8	1.8	52%	54%
25	Estates and Trusts Law	1.9	1.8	1.8	52%	52%
26	Personal Property Law	1.8	1.8	1.8	49%	52%
27	Legislative Process	1.8	1.7	1.7	51%	48%
28	Civil Rights Law	1.8	1.7	1.7	52%	50%
29	Estate Planning	1.8	1.7	1.7	48%	47%
30	Privileges	1.8	1.7	1.7	42%	41%
31	Landlord-Tenant Law	1.9	1.7	1.7	54%	46%
32	Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice	1.7	1.7	1.7	52%	52%
33	Debtor-Creditor Law	1.7	1.7	1.7	45%	48%
34	Agency Procedural Rules	1.7	1.6	1.7	48%	46%
35	Data/Cybersecurity Law	1.6	1.7	1.6	35%	45%
36	Insurance Law	1.6	1.6	1.6	37%	42%
37	Privacy Law	1.6	1.6	1.6	39%	43%
38	Accounting Principles	1.6	1.6	1.6	38%	45%
39	Regulatory Compliance Law	1.7	1.6	1.6	41%	38%
40	Labor Law	1.7	1.6	1.6	44%	41%
41	Freedom of Information Act/Public Records	1.7	1.6	1.6	43%	37%
42	Consumer Protection Law	1.6	1.6	1.6	38%	43%
43	Internet and Social Media Law	1.6	1.6	1.6	32%	39%
44	Immigration Law	1.7	1.5	1.5	42%	31%
45	Intellectual Property Law	1.5	1.5	1.5	33%	37%
46	Bankruptcy Law	1.5	1.5	1.5	36%	41%
47	Tax Law	1.5	1.5	1.5	31%	33%
48	Elder Law	1.5	1.5	1.5	25%	30%
49	Health Care Law	1.5	1.4	1.5	28%	29%
50	Legal History	1.5	1.4	1.4	24%	23%
51	Human Rights Law	1.5	1.4	1.4	28%	24%
52	Juvenile Law	1.5	1.4	1.4	28%	23%
53	Workers’ Compensation Law	1.5	1.4	1.4	27%	24%
54	Environmental Law	1.4	1.4	1.4	20%	25%
55	Government Contract Law	1.4	1.4	1.4	26%	22%
56	Securities Law	1.4	1.4	1.4	23%	23%
57	Mental Health Law	1.4	1.4	1.4	21%	21%
58	Construction Law	1.3	1.4	1.4	18%	23%
59	Immunities	1.4	1.3	1.3	22%	18%
60	Communication Law	1.3	1.3	1.3	17%	21%
61	Antitrust Law	1.4	1.3	1.3	21%	19%
62	Comparative Law	1.3	1.3	1.3	17%	19%
63	International Law	1.4	1.3	1.3	18%	15%
64	Social Security Law	1.3	1.3	1.3	15%	15%
65	Energy Law	1.3	1.2	1.2	13%	13%
66	Education Law	1.3	1.2	1.2	15%	13%
67	Media Law	1.2	1.2	1.2	11%	13%
68	Transportation Law	1.2	1.2	1.2	10%	10%
69	Bioethics	1.2	1.2	1.2	7%	7%
70	Indian Law	1.2	1.1	1.2	9%	6%
71	Foreign Trade Law	1.2	1.1	1.2	9%	6%
72	Public Utility Law	1.2	1.1	1.1	10%	6%
73	Military Justice Law	1.1	1.1	1.1	6%	3%
74	Animal Rights Law	1.1	1.1	1.1	4%	4%
75	Sports and Entertainment Law	1.1	1.1	1.1	5%	4%
76	Air and Space Law	1.1	1.1	1	2%	2%
77	Admiralty Law	1.1	1	1	1%	1%

Table C.2. Mean Ratings on 77 Knowledge Areas for a Sample of 15 Practice Clusters (See notes at end of table)

Please note: a horizontal scroll bar (left and right) is available at the bottom of the table to accommodate the viewing of all columns. If you wish, you may use the “Columns” button to toggle the visibility of the table’s columns.

ID	Practice Cluster	Criminal Law	General Business Law	Personal Injury & Torts	Family Law	Litigation: Business Law	Real Estate Law	Wills, Estates & Trusts	Employment Law	Administrative Law	Business Law: Securities	Immigration Law	Intellectual Property Law	Appellate Law Criminal	Workers Compensation	Environmental Law	Total Group Mean
1	% of Sample	10.7	9.2	7.3	6.6	5.8	5.8	4.4	3.4	3.2	3.2	2.5	2.4	2.1	1.9	1.5
2	Rules of Professional Responsibility and Ethical Obligations	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.8	2.5	2.7	2.8	2.7	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
3	Civil Procedure	2.4	2.4	2.9	2.8	2.8	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.5	2	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.7	2.8	2.6
4	Contract Law	2.2	2.8	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.8	2.7	2.4	2.5	2.7	2.1	2.6	2.5	2.1	2.6	2.5
5	Rules of Evidence	2.8	2.2	2.7	2.7	2.5	2.1	2.2	2.6	2.3	1.6	2.3	2.1	2.8	2.5	2.3	2.4
6	Legal Research Methodology	2.4	2.3	2.5	2.3	2.5	2.2	2.4	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.2	2.2	2.6	2.3	2.5	2.4
7	Statutes of Limitations	2.2	2	2.6	2.2	2.3	2.1	2.3	2.5	2.1	1.7	1.9	1.8	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
8	Statutory Interpretation Principles	2.2	2.1	2.2	2	2.2	2	2.1	2.3	2.2	1.9	2.1	2	2.6	1.9	2.4	2.1
9	Local Court Rules	2.3	1.8	2.4	2.5	2.2	1.9	2.2	2.2	1.9	1.4	2	1.5	2.3	2.1	2.1	2.1
10	Business Organizations Law	1.6	2.3	1.8	1.8	2.2	2.5	2.2	1.8	1.8	2.6	1.9	2	1.7	1.6	2.2	2
11	Tort Law	1.8	2	2.5	1.9	2.2	1.8	1.9	2.1	1.9	1.6	1.7	1.8	2.1	2.2	2	2
12	Sources of Law (Decisional, Statutory, Code, Regulatory, Rules)	2	1.9	2	1.8	2	1.7	2.1	2.2	2.2	1.7	2	1.9	2.2	1.6	2.2	2
13	Constitutional Law	2.4	1.8	1.8	2	1.7	1.7	1.9	1.9	2.2	1.5	2.2	1.7	2.6	1.9	2.4	2
14	Trial Advocacy	2.4	1.6	2.2	2.2	2.1	1.5	1.7	2	2	1.1	2	1.5	2.1	2.1	1.7	1.9
15	Corporate Law	1.4	2.3	1.7	1.5	2.1	2.3	2	1.7	1.7	2.5	1.6	2.1	1.6	1.4	1.9	1.9
16	Choice of Law and Conflicts of Law	1.6	2.1	1.9	1.8	2	1.8	2	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.8	1.8	1.7	1.8	2	1.9
17	Alternative Dispute Resolution	1.7	1.9	2.1	2.2	1.9	1.8	1.9	2.2	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.9
18	Criminal Law	2.5	1.7	1.8	2	1.7	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.5	2.1	1.5	2.4	1.6	1.8	1.9
19	Real Property Law	1.6	1.8	1.8	1.9	1.9	2.4	2.3	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.4	2.1	1.8
20	Criminal Procedure	2.6	1.6	1.8	2	1.7	1.4	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.4	2	1.4	2.4	1.6	1.7	1.8
21	Commercial Litigation Law	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.4	2	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.5	1.8	1.3	1.9	1.8	1.3	1.8	1.7
22	Employment Law	1.5	1.9	1.5	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.7	2.1	1.9	1.5	1.6	1.4	1.7	1.7	1.5	1.7
23	Family Law	1.9	1.3	1.5	2.3	1.4	1.5	1.9	1.2	1.5	1.1	1.9	1.1	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.6
24	Uniform Commercial Code	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.4	1.9	1.8	1.7	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.2	1.5	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.6
25	Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice	1.4	1.6	1.3	1.3	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.7	2.1	1.7	2	1.7	1.6	1.8	2.3	1.6
26	Remedies Law	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.5	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.7	1.3	1.7	1.5
27	Estates and Trusts Law	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.7	2.2	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.5
28	Civil Rights Law	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.5	1.5	1.3	1.5	2	1.9	1.1	1.7	1.1	1.9	1.3	1.7	1.5
29	Personal Property Law	1.4	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.5
30	Legislative Process	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.7	1.5	2.1	1.5
31	Agency Procedural Rules	1.4	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.7	1.9	1.2	1.8	1.6	1.5	1.6	2.1	1.5
32	Landlord-Tenant Law	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.7	1.4	1.7	1.6	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.5	1	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.4
33	Debtor-Creditor Law	1.3	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	1	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.4
34	Estate Planning	1.4	1.2	1.4	1.8	1.4	1.7	2.1	1.1	1.4	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4
35	Accounting Principles	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.6	1.7	1.1	1.1	1.9	1.3	1.3	1	1.1	1.2	1.4
36	Privileges	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.5	1.1	1.3	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.5	1.4
37	Privacy Law	1.2	1.6	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.4
38	Data/Cybersecurity Law	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.6	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.4
39	Consumer Protection Law	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.3	1.4	1.1	1.5	1.1	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
40	Freedom of Information Act/Public Records	1.4	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.1	1.2	1.4	1.8	1	1.7	0.9	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.3
41	Labor Law	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.6	1.6	1.1	1.3	0.9	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.3
42	Bankruptcy Law	1	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.1	1.3	1.1	1	1.3	1.3
43	Insurance Law	1.1	1.3	1.9	1.1	1.5	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1	1	0.9	1.3	1.6	1	1.3
44	Regulatory Compliance Law	1	1.5	1	0.9	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.7	1.7	1.2	1.2	1.2	0.9	1.9	1.3
45	Internet and Social Media Law	1.2	1.5	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1	1.2
46	Intellectual Property Law	0.9	1.8	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.3	1.1	1.1	1.2	1.5	1	2	1.2	1	1.1	1.2
47	Immigration Law	1.5	1.1	1.1	1.3	1	0.9	1.2	1.1	1.2	0.9	2.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	1.1	1.2
48	Tax Law	1	1.3	1	1.2	1.2	1.4	1.6	1	1.1	1.4	1.2	1	1.1	0.8	1.1	1.2
49	Health Care Law	1.1	1	1.2	1.1	1.1	1	1.3	1	1.3	0.8	1	0.8	1.2	1.3	0.9	1.1
50	Elder Law	1.1	0.9	1.1	1.4	1	1.1	1.7	0.8	1.2	0.7	0.9	0.6	1.2	1	0.7	1.1
51	Workers’ Compensation Law	1	1	1.3	1.1	0.9	0.9	1	1	1.2	0.8	1	0.7	1.1	1.7	1	1
52	Government Contract Law	1	1.2	0.9	0.9	1	1	0.9	0.9	1.4	0.9	1	0.9	1	0.7	1.1	1
53	Human Rights Law	1.1	0.9	0.9	1	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.2	1.2	0.7	1.3	0.8	1.2	0.9	1	1
54	Juvenile Law	1.5	0.8	0.9	1.3	0.8	0.7	1	0.7	1.1	0.6	1.1	0.6	1.4	0.8	0.7	1
55	Securities Law	0.8	1.2	0.9	0.8	1.1	1.1	1	0.8	0.9	1.8	0.8	1	0.9	0.6	1	1
56	Environmental Law	0.9	1	0.9	0.9	1	1.1	1	0.8	1	0.9	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.7	1
57	Legal History	1.1	0.9	1	0.9	0.9	0.9	1	0.9	1	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.1	0.9	1.2	1
58	Construction Law	0.8	0.9	1.2	1	1.1	1.2	1	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.9	0.9	1
59	Communication Law	0.9	1.1	1	0.9	1	1	1	0.8	1	0.8	0.9	0.9	1	0.7	0.9	1
60	Antitrust Law	0.8	1.2	0.8	0.8	1	0.9	0.9	0.9	1	1.2	0.8	1.3	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.9
61	Mental Health Law	1.3	0.8	0.9	1.1	0.8	0.8	1.1	0.7	1.1	0.6	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.7	0.9
62	Comparative Law	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8	1	0.7	0.9	0.8	1	0.9	1	0.8	1	0.9
63	Immunities	0.9	0.8	1	0.8	0.9	0.7	0.8	1	1	0.7	0.8	0.7	1.3	0.7	0.8	0.9
64	International Law	0.7	1.1	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.9	1	1	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.8
65	Social Security Law	0.8	0.7	0.9	1	0.7	0.7	1.1	0.7	1	0.6	0.9	0.6	0.9	1	0.8	0.8
66	Education Law	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.8	1.2	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.9	0.7	0.6	0.8
67	Media Law	0.8	0.9	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.8
68	Energy Law	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.7	1.2	0.8
69	Transportation Law	0.8	0.7	0.9	0.7	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.7	0.7	0.8	0.7
70	Public Utility Law	0.6	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.8	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.9	0.6
71	Foreign Trade Law	0.5	0.8	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.6
72	Bioethics	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.7	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6
73	Sports and Entertainment Law	0.6	0.7	0.6	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.6
74	Indian Law	0.6	0.6	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.5	0.7	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.8	0.5	0.7	0.6
75	Animal Rights Law	0.6	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.6	0.5
76	Military Justice Law	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.6	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.5
77	Air and Space Law	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4
78	Admiralty Law	0.4	0.4	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4

Notes:

The practice clusters are based on a cluster analysis of the percent of time spent in each of 35 practice areas appearing on the survey. This table samples 15 clusters from the 25 produced by the cluster analysis.
The cells contain mean importance ratings; the scale is 0 = not applicable; 1 = low; 2 = moderate; and 3 = high.
The 77 knowledge areas are sorted from highest to lowest mean rating based on the entire sample of respondents in all 25 clusters (i.e., sorted on the Total Group Mean column).
The first row indicates the number of respondents in each cluster as a percentage of all survey respondents. The 15 practice clusters are arranged from most to least populous.

Appendix C

Appendix C. Ratings of Knowledge Areas

Table C.1. 77 Knowledge Areas as Rated by NLLs and Non-NLLs, Rank-Ordered by Mean Importance by Both Groups Combined (Importance scale: 1=low; 2=moderate; 3=high)

Table C.2. Mean Ratings on 77 Knowledge Areas for a Sample of 15 Practice Clusters (See notes at end of table)

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